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Deusdedit of Canterbury
Deusdedit (died c. 664), perhaps originally named Frithona, Frithuwine or Frithonas, was a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury, the first native-born holder of the see of Canterbury. By birth an Anglo-Saxon, he became archbishop in 655 and held the office for more than nine years until his death, probably from plague. Deusdedit's successor as archbishop was one of his priests at Canterbury. There is some controversy over the exact date of Deusdedit's death, owing to discrepancies in the medieval written work that records his life. Little is known about his episcopate, but he was considered to be a saint after his demise. A saint's life was written after his relics were moved from their original burial place in 1091.
==Life==
A post-Norman Conquest tradition, originating with Goscelin,〔 gives Deusdedit's original name as ''Frithona'', possibly a corruption of Frithuwine.〔Brooks ''Early History of the Church of Canterbury'' pp. 67–69〕 He was consecrated by Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester, on 26 March〔Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 213〕 or perhaps 12 March 655.〔 He was the sixth archbishop after the arrival of the Gregorian missionaries,〔 and the first to be a native of the island of Great Britain rather than an Italian, having been born a West Saxon.〔〔Hindley ''Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons'' p. 45〕 One reason for the long period between the Christianization of the Kentish kingdom from Anglo-Saxon paganism in about 600 and the appointment of the first native archbishop may have been the need for the schools established by the Gregorian missionaries to educate the natives to a sufficiently high standard for them to take ecclesiastical office.〔Lapidge "Deusdedit" ''Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England'' p. 140〕 Deusdedit probably owed his appointment to the see of Canterbury to a collaboration between Eorcenberht of Kent and Cenwalh of Wessex.〔 The name Deusdedit means "God has given" in Latin,〔Müller ''God the Teacher of Mankind'' p. 201〕 and had been the name of a recent pope,〔 Deusdedit, in office from 615 to 618;〔Sharpe "Naming of Bishop Ithamar" ''English Historical Review'' p. 890〕 it was the practice of many of the early medieval Saxon bishops to take an adopted name, often from recent papal names.〔 It is unclear when Deusdedit adopted his new name, although the historian Richard Sharpe considers it likely to have been when he was consecrated as an archbishop, rather than when he entered religious life.〔
The see of Canterbury seems at this time to have been passing through a period of comparative obscurity.〔Thacker "Deusdedit" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 During Deusdedit's nine years as archbishop, all the new bishops in England were consecrated by Celtic or foreign bishops, with one exception:〔 Deusdedit consecrated Damianus, Ithamar's successor as Bishop of Rochester.〔 Deusdedit did, however, found a nunnery in the Isle of Thanet and helped with the foundation of Medeshamstede Abbey, later Peterborough Abbey, in 657.〔Hindley ''Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons'' p. 96〕 He was long overshadowed by Agilbert, bishop to the West Saxons,〔Stenton ''Anglo-Saxon England'' p. 122〕 and his authority as archbishop probably did not extend past his own diocese and that of Rochester, which had traditionally been dependent on Canterbury.〔
The Synod of Whitby, which debated whether the Northumbrian church should follow the Roman or the Celtic method of dating Easter, was held in 664.〔Hindley ''Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons'' pp. 79–81〕 Deusdedit does not appear to have been present, perhaps because of an outbreak of the plague prevalent in England at the time.〔Stenton ''Anglo-Saxon England'' p. 129〕
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